What is Islamic law?

What is Islamic law? We will tell you in this article more about what is Islamic law, what is Sharia in Islam and what are Muslim rules.

First: What is Islamic Law?

Islamic law, known as Sharia, is a comprehensive legal and moral framework that governs the lives of Muslims. It derives from the Quran, the holy book of Islam and also the Hadith. In addition, Islamic law covers every aspect of a Muslim’s life, including religious obligations, family matters, business transactions, and criminal justice.

Second: Sources of Sharia and Islamic law

 What is Sharia? Sharia is the source of Islam and it includes the following:

The Primary sources of Islamic law

1- Quran

The holy book of Islam, considered the literal word of God (Allah), guides all aspects of life.

2- Sunnah

The practices and sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, serve as a model for Muslims. This includes Hadith (recorded statements and actions).

The secondary sources of Islamic law

3-Ijma (Consensus)

Consensus among Islamic scholars on specific legal issues, serving as a source of law when clear guidance is not available in the Quran or Sunnah. In addition, Scholars from different schools of thought (madhhabs) which are Hanafi, Maliki, Shafiʽi and Hanbali.

4- Qiyas (Analogy)

Analogical reasoning is used to derive legal rulings for new situations by comparing them to established precedents.

Third: What are Muslim Rules?

What are the Islam rules? Muslim rules, derived from Sharia, include a set of obligations and prohibitions that govern both personal behaviour and communal interactions such as:

– Criminal Law (Hudud)

Theft: Punishment includes amputation of a hand under certain conditions.

Adultery (Zina): Punishment may include flogging or stoning, depending on the circumstances and also evidences.

False Accusation (Qadhf): Punishment for falsely accusing someone of adultery includes flogging.

– Retributive Justice (Qisas)

Murder and Bodily Harm, so victims or their families can seek retribution or compensation.

– Discretionary Punishments

Judges can impose penalties for offences not covered by Hudud, allowing flexibility in punishment based on the context of the crime.

– Food and drinks trade Laws

Halal: Permissible foods and practices, and also must include proper slaughtering methods for meat.

Haram: Forbidden items, such as pork, alcohol, and tattoo.

– Business and Financial Laws

Promoting fair financial transactions and charging or paying interest Riba is forbidden. Moreover, Laws require honesty in business dealings, ensuring transparency and fairness in contracts.

– Family Law

There are many Islamic rules regarding the family such as:

Marriage

The contractual agreement in marriage requires mutual consent between both parties. A mandatory dowry (Mahr) from the groom to the bride is required, with at least two witnesses present. In addition,The husband is responsible for providing financial support for the family. Additionally, men can marry up to four wives, provided they treat all of them equally.

Divorce

There is a waiting period (Iddah) required for the wife after divorce. While the mother has the right of custody of young children.

In conclusion, What is Sharia Law in Islam? Sharia law in Islam refers to the practical application of Sharia principles in legal systems. It encompasses various domains, including criminal law, civil disputes, and also family law.

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